Player Music For Mac



In the Music app on your Mac, choose Window Switch to Mini Player. Do one of the following: Shrink to the smaller Mini Player window: In the row of controls, click the More button, then choose Hide Mini Player Large Artwork. To expand back to the full Mini Player, click the More button, then choose Show Mini Player Large Artwork. Show lyrics: Click the Lyrics button. In the Music app on your Mac, choose Music Preferences, click General, then click the “When a CD is inserted” pop-up menu and choose Play CD. Insert an audio CD into your computer’s CD or DVD drive, or into an external drive that’s connected to your computer. The CD begins to play.

by Christine Smith • 2020-10-28 17:37:28 • Proven solutions

Nowadays, many Windows users are moving to Mac. The most common problem users face while switching to Mac is playing Windows Media files. The default media player of the Mac show error when you try to play the Windows media file. This happens because codecs used in windows media file are not compatible with Mac OS. So, to play a Windows media file on Mac, you need a professional Mac media player that helps you to convert and play a Window media file in a format which is supported by Mac.

Part 1. How to Play Windows Media Files on Mac with Wondershare UniConverter

On the internet platform, there are various media players to play a Windows media file on Mac, but the most reliable and efficient one is Wondershare UniConverter (originally Wondershare Video Converter Ultimate). It is the all-in-one file converter software which is fully compatible with all Mac versions. With the help of this software, you can convert multiple WMV files to MP4 format and playback on your new Mac. It offers remarkable conversion features that make this software very useful for users. It has enough capability to convert videos from one format to another without compromising the quality.

Wondershare UniConverter - Your Complete Video Toolbox

  • Best Mac media player to convert WMV to MP4 and playback on Mac easily and quickly
  • Support 1,000+ video and audio formats to convert any video to another format that is compatible with Mac OS
  • Transfer media files to iPhone/iPad/Android device easily
  • Download media files to Mac from 1,000+ sites by pasting URLs.
  • Burn videos to DVD/ISO/IFO files with customization tools and super fast burning speed
  • Additional functions include Fix Media Metadata, VR Converter, GIF Maker, Screen Recorder, and DVD Copy
  • Supported OS: Mac OS 10.15 (Catalina), 10.14, 10.13, 10.12, 10.11, 10.10, 10.9, 10.8, 10.7, 10.6, Windows 10/8/7/XP/Vista
Security Verified, 5,481,347 people have downloaded it.

Steps on How to Convert WMV to MP4 and Playback on Mac with Wondershare UniConverter:

Step 1 Launch and add files to the Mac media player.

To commence the process, download and install Wondershare UniConverter from its official website or the download link above on your Mac system. After that, run it and tap on the Video Converter tab from the main interface. Then click on the Document icon to add the WMV files from your Mac, or you can simply drag and drop the WMV file to the program to import.

Player

Step 2 Choose the media file output format on Wondershare Media Player.

After all WMV files have been added, choose your target output format by clicking the Output Format button to open the drop-down list and click Video option, select MP4, or other Mac supported formats you want to convert.

Step 3 Start converting media files on Mac.

Finally, tap the Convert or Start All button to begin the conversion process. After a few minutes, your desired WMV file will be converted to MP4. Then, you can click on your converted video to play it on your Mac system.

Here is a video tutorial of how to convert WMV to MP4 on Windows, as both the Windows and Mac versions function almost the same, you can follow the video tutorial step by step.

Part 2. Other 4 Recommended Media Player for Mac You Should Know

Apart from the Wondershare UniConverter, there are other third-party tools that allow you to convert videos from one format to another format. Here, we have mentioned the other four ideal Media Players for Mac which you can use hassle-free.

1. VLC Media Player Mac

The VLC Media Player is a cross-platform media player and it is a highly famous media player in all over the world. It plays any type of video or audio file. With the use of this tool, you can also convert those videos to another format such as MP4 which are not directly played on Mac. Convert videos in batch with VLC also is possible. It supports MPEG as well as DivX streaming. Want to know the best part? In the mid of downloading video, you can play downloaded videos to know it is really worth to download. It has many hidden features that people are not aware of it. The VLC can be used for streaming video over the internet. This Mac media player allows you to create a video snapshot. It is very lightweight and flexible to use. Through this tool, you can even record your desktop and add external subtitles. If you want to play Radio online, then VLC offers these features also. So, it is one of a versatile media player that has many things to offer.

Pros:

  • It is a completely free and open-source tool.
  • It supports various operating systems such as Mac, Windows, Linux, UNIX, Android, and iOS.
  • It is an ad-free media player.
  • This tool is easy to configure.

Cons:

  • It creates problems while playing a DVD.
  • Its interface is not customized.
  • It does not offer Blu-ray playback.

2. 5K Media Player

The 5K Media Player is the most powerful media player Macintosh that offers exceptional features to users such as AirPlay service. If you want a video media player that can play any kind of media file on your Mac, then it is an ideal choice for you. This media player is specially designed for enhancing the quality of video and audio after the conversion of the file from one format to another. You can play various types of file formats such as 4k, 5k, and 8k on your Mac seamlessly. It also includes a Radio player and it supports Radio stations such as BBC, XFM, and many others. Through this media player, you can easily manage your all video and audio files. Through its inbuilt AirPlay service, you can even send files to your TV. Playing larger video files with this tool will give you a great experience. So, the 5K Media Player is an overall great media player that offers multiple features.

Pros:

  • The 5K Media player is free to use.
  • It offers modern features.
  • It allows you to download videos from YouTube, Vimeo, and DailyMotion.
  • It offers the AirPlay support to send or receive streams from an iPad or iPhone.

Cons:

  • It sometimes stumbles in the case of 5k format.
  • It is complicated to use especially if you are a beginner.
  • There is no subtitle option.

3. QuickTime Media App

The QuickTime Media App which is developed by Apple is able to play a Windows media file on Mac. It supports numerous file formats such as digital video, panoramic images, sound, and pictures. It has free versions for both Windows and Mac operating systems. It is also customized with iTunes. It allows users to encode, decode and transcode audio and video from one format to another. Through this media player, you can create, edit, crop, and record videos. It also allows you to download videos from the internet. Till date, it has now almost 9 versions. Its latest version comes with more advanced features that make this media player more useful to play various types of video and audio files. With the help of this tool, you can easily compress your video file without losing any quality.

Pros:

  • It offers amazing customize features to make your image and video attractive.
  • It allows users to share files through various ways such as Mail, AirDrop, and YouTube.
  • For HD videos, it works efficiently.
  • It uses advanced video compression technology which is H.264.

Cons:

  • To playback audio and video, you need to download codec manually.
  • It does not support some file formats like FLV.
  • To use this tool, there is a need for downloading bloatware which further creates problems like a software update.

4. Macgo Mac Media Player

The Macgo Mac Media Player is considered the ultimate Mac media player. It is a completely free media player. With the help of this tool, you can play almost all kinds of file formats on Mac such as videos, photos, audio files, and DVDs. It can also able to play numerous URL types like HTTP, MMS, FTP, and many others. It is the same as VLC Media Player, but its interface is much better than VLC. Through this tool, you can easily customize your pictures. It will give you great quality for playback of video and audio files. It also provides support for built-in subtitles of various file formats. Unlike other media players, it even works with free external subtitles like SSA and SRT. It supports all Mac versions.

Pros:

  • It is easy to operate and set-up.
  • It is a free DVD tool for Mac.
  • You can playback videos online.
  • It is compatible with both Windows and Mac.

Cons:

  • Its advanced features are complicated to use.
  • This tool does not support 4K UHD video.
  • Its free Mac Media Player does not include Blu-ray.

Conclusion:

In this guide, we have mentioned various media players to play a Windows media file on Mac. However, if you want a complete solution for all types of file conversion, then Wondershare UniConverter is the best choice for you.

Read definitive guide by audio software developer Yuri Korzunov about:
• free and commercial hi res audio player software apps on Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, iOS and other [computers, laptops, mobile phones, tablets],
• online for audiophiles,
• Frequently Answered Questions,
• what is the best music player app,
• supported formats (WAV, FLAC, DSD [DSF, DFF, SACD ISO], MQA, m4a, ....) and others.

HD audio file conversion


Watch and share: Hi Res Audio [How it works. Sound quality. 7 Myths]

High-resolution audio player software

Hi res music player software for audiophiles (Windows, Mac, Linux, Android, iOS, online) for WAV, FLAC, DSD (DSF, DFF, SACD ISO, DoP), MQA, m4a, ....

WARNING: This table can contain errors. It is not an offer or advertising. We are not affiliated with listed products. We guarantee nothing. If you found wrong information, contact us, please. To get exact information, contact with the software developers and/or vendors.
Supported sample rate and bit depth may depend on a file format.

Audio playerOperation systemLicenseSupported file typesSample rateDAC interfaceDescription

Audio players Windows, Mac, Linux

AIMP Windows FreeCDA, AAC, ac3, APE, DTS, FLAC, m4a, ogg, mp3, WAV, WMA, WavPack, DSF, DFF, other, web radio DirectSound, ASIO, WASAPI
Album Player Windows Free WAV, FLAC, APE, WavPack, ALAC, AIFF, TAK, MP3, MP4, OGG, CD, DSD, DVD-A, otherASIO, Kernel Streaming, WASAPI
Amarok Linux, Unix, Windows, Mac Free
Amarra Luxe Windows, Mac CommercialDSF, mp3, AAC, MQA, WAV, AIFF, FLAC, ALAC, streaming service, otherDSD to PCM
Audiogate Windows, MacDSF, DFF, WAV, FLAC, BWF, WMA, ALAC, mp3, other up to DSD128 DAC limitation for the software activation
Audirvana Mac, Windows Commercial DSF, DFF (including DST), SACD ISO, WAV, FLAC, ALAC, AIFF, WavPack, APE, MQA, streaming service, otherDoP, DSD to PCM Windows 10 compatible
Audacious Linux, BSD, Windows Free
Channel-D Pure Music Mac Commercial up to 384 kHz / 24 bit, up to DSD128DSD to PCM, DoP, streamingGapless and memory playback
Daphile Run as firmware (Linux based) from flash stick memory Free DSF, PCM up to 384 kHz / 24 bit, up to DSD512 Music server. Stereo only
Foobar2000(with sacd input plugin) Windows Free DSF, DFF (including DST), SACD ISO, FLAC, WAV, mp3, ALAC, WavPack, AAC, other up to DSD512ASIO, DSD to PCM
Fostex Audio Player Windows, Mac Free DSF, DFF, WAV, FLAC, mp3, AIFF, ALAC up to DSD128, up to 192 kHz / 24 bitASIO, DoP Demands certain playback hardware
Gom Audio Windows Free cda, MPL, mp3, ogg, WMA, APE, FLAC, WAV, m4a, WavPack, AIFF, DSF, DFF
iTunes Mac, Windows FreeWAV, ALAC, AAC, mp3, AIFF, CD-audio
JRiver Windows, Mac, Linux CommercialDSF, DFF (including DST), SACD ISO, mp3, WAV, FLAC, AIFF, otherASIO, DoP, DSD over DLNA, DSD to PCM, PCM to DSD Gapless playback
Hi-Res Audio Player Windows DSD, PCM Require certain hardware
HQ Player Windows, Mac, Linux Commercial DSF, DFF (non-compressed DSDIFF), CD-audio, FLAC, AIFF, other up to DSD1024DSD to PCM, PCM to DSD, ASIO, DoP
Hysolid Windows Free DSF, WAV, FLAC up to DSD256, up to 384 kHzASIO, DoPWASAPI To work on music server PC with smartphone app control
Logitech Media Server Windows, Mac, Linux PCM, DoP PCM files Bit-perfect PCM output of DoP Need additional hardware and pre-conversion DSD files to PCM DoP files. How to adjust and use the software.
Media Player Classic Windows Free PCM, DSF, DFF
MusicBee Windows FreeASIO, WASAPI
moOde audio player To run on Raspberry Pi Free Here information about DSD settings
Pine Player Mac Free mp3, FLAC, APE, AAC, m4a, WAV, AIFF, ogg, WMA, DSD, SACD ISO, other up to 768 kHz / 32 bit
Resonic Player Windows Free, Commercial WAV, AIFF, FLAC, WMA, mp3, ALAC, WavPack, MID, DSF, DFF, other up to DSD512
Roon Windows, Mac;
the server on Windows, Mac, Linux
Commercial Audio files and streaming serviceBit-perfect, DSD to PCM The server may be installed on network area storage (NAS)
TEAC HR Audio Player Windows, Mac Free DSF, DFF, PCM up to DSD256, up to 384 kHz / 32 bitASIO, DoP
Technics Audio Player Windows, Mac DSF, DFF, WAV, FLAC, mp3, ALAC, AIFF

up to DSD128,
up to 384 kHz / 32bit

USB driver Read the software license agreement about using limitations
Volumio

Run as firmware from flash stick memory on PC, Raspberry Pi, other

Free MP3, FLAC, WAV, AAC, ALAC, DSD UPNP DLNA, Airplay, DoP Open source music server
VLC Windows, Mac, Linux, other Free mp3, AAC, MLP / TrueHD, DTS, WMA, FLAC (including uncompressed), ALAC, ATRAC 3, WavPack, APE, WAV, other
Vox Mac Free DSF, WAV, AIFF, FLAC (including uncompressed), ALAC, mp3, other, network radio
XMMS Unix Free
Wtfplay Linux Free WAV, FLAC, DSF

up to DSD128; DSD256, DSD512 are experimental,
up to 384 kHz / 32 bit

DoP

Audio players Android and iOS (mobile applications)

AIMPAndroid Free APE, mp3, WAV, ogg, AAC, FLAC, mp4, m4a, WavPack, DSF, DFF, other
Amarra PlayiOS (iPhone, iPad) Free, In-App Purchases AIFF, AIFC, MP3, ALAC, FLAC, MQA MQA Decode up to 96 kHz with Amarra Luxe license No DSD. Amarra Luxe unlocks some features. Amarra Play must be running on the same wireless network as the computer
FiiO MusicAndroid, iOS Free DSD, PCM up to 384 kHz / 24 bit Raw DSD output Support HWA (LHDC) Bluetooth transmission
Foobar2000Android, iOS (iPhone, iPad) Free MP3, MP4, AAC, Vorbis, Opus, FLAC, WavPack, WAV, AIFF, Musepack Gapless playback, playback / downloading music from UPnP media servers
HibyMusicAndroid, iOS (iPhone, iPad) Free DSF, DFF (including DST), ISO, WAV, FLAC, AIFF, M4A, AAC, mp3, ogg up to DSD256,
up to 384 kHz / 32 bit
net driver (Dropbox / DLNA / LAN) native DSD, DoP, DSD to PCM
Hi-Res music player-NePLAYERiOS (iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch) Commercial ALAC, FLAC, WAV, mp3, AAC, HE-AAC, DSF, DFF up to DSD256, up to 384 kHz / 32 bitDSD to PCM, DoP Check DSD replay issues at the online store page
HYSOLIDAndroid, iOS Free WAC, FLAC, DSD up to DSD256, up to 384 kHz ASIO, WASAPI, DoP, native DSD Music server control application
Neutron Music PlayerAndroid, iOS (iPhone, iPad) Commercial mp3, ogg, FLAC, AC3, AAC, M4A, MP4, 3GP, 3G2, ALAC, APE, WavPack, WAV, AIFF, other, DSD UPnP / DLNA, USB DAC, DoP, native DSD, DSD to PCM There is evaluation version 'Neutron Music Player (Eval)' on Android
Onkyo HF PlayerAndroid, iOS Free, In-App Purchases DSF, DFF, mp3, ALAC, AAC, WAV, AIFF up to DSD256, up to 384 kHz AOA 2.0, DoP, DSD to PCM Some limitations of the free version. Sample rate depends on the format and In-App purchases.
TEAC HR Audio PlayerAndroid, iOS Free, In-App Purchases FLAC, ALAC, WAV, AIFF, ogg, DSF, DFF up to DSD256, up to 384 kHzDoP, DSD to PCM
USB Audio Player PROAndroid Commercial WAV, FLAC, ogg, mp3, AIFF, AAC, m4a, APE, DFF, DSF, other up to 384 kHz / 32 bitDoP, DSD to PCM, native DSD playback
VLCAndroid, iOS (iPad, iPhone, Apple Watch) Free ogg, FLAC, WavPack, AAC, other
Vox Free, In-App Purchases FLAC, ALAC, mp3, DSD, other

Online audio players (hi-resolution streaming services)

High Res Audio Free trial, Commercial up to 24 bit
Primephonic Free trial, Commercial up to 24 bit
PrimeSeat Free trial, Commercial PCM, DSD up to 11.2 MHz
Qobuz Free trial, Commercial up to 192 kHz / 24 bitstreaming and downloads according to purchased plan
Tidal PC/Mac, web-player, iOS, Android Free trial, Commercial FLAC 44.1 kHz / 16 bit, MQA supported with audio players (details)

Online audio players (streaming services)

Amazon Prime Music Free trial Allow listening online and offline
Apple Music Free trial Music platform
Datpiff Audio platform for musicians and music discovering
Google Play Music Free trial Music platform with the store. Offline listening is available
Jamendo Music Free trial Audio platform for musicians and music discovering. Free and paid stuff
Noisetrade Audio platform for musicians and music discovering
ReverbNation Audio platform for musicians and music discovering
SoundCloud Audio platform for musicians and music discovering
Spotify Music platform
Яндекс Музыка Free, Commercial Music site 'Yandex Music'. Offline listening is available

Read more:

What is the best hi-res audio player software

Which high-resolution audio player has the best sound quality is your personal choice rather. Some audio players may playback qualitative audio files without altering (bit-perfect). In general, there is no matter, that player is use for it, but some nuances are there. Below how to make the choice is discussed.

Sound quality

Playback modes

An audio player may works in 2 base modes (depend on the software abilities):

  1. bit-perfect (transmitting data from an audio file to DAC without altering);
  2. processing mode (resampling, room correction and other).

In bit-perfect mode, the sound quality is defined by DAC and next audio devices.
This mode consumes minimal computing resources and is desirable for non-powerful computers.

Processing mode sound quality depends on the player and/or processing plug-in.
This mode may consume many computing resources (more quality = more resources), and, sometimes, can't work at lower-performance computers. Also, this mode consumes more electrical energy for calculations and cooling, than a bit-perfect one.
When fans work in intensive mode, they cause more noise.

Read also: How to improve sound quality >

Gapless playback

Some albums (operas, live concerts, etc.) should be played back as a continuous stream.

Some players can begin the next song without DAC re-initialization.
This ability is called as Gapless playback.
It may be applied for as bit-perfect as processed modes (see 'Playback modes').

Also played back audio files may be pre-converted in gapless mode too.
This mode has a sense when audio files are resampled or DSD files are processed.
Gapless conversion has a sense, when the audio player works in gapless mode.

ASIO

ASIO is a kind of audio drivers by audio interface vendors, that provide low latency and use of specific properties of the audio interface. ASIO SDK (programming tools) is provided by Steingberg.

As rule, ASIO driver is provided together with a sound device. Specific functionality management is supported via a special software control panel.

There is universal ASIO-driver ASIO4All. But, as rule, DAC-vendor driver is more recommended.

Latest MacOS versions use their builtin drivers (Core Audio) instead ASIO. So, you no need special drivers to works with a DAC. However, audio device vendors may provide Mac's ASIO drivers for some devices.

Read more:

  • How to configure foobar2000 for DSD playback >

WASAPI

WASAPI is builtin Windows drivers to direct access to audio interface without operating system processings. May be used instead of ASIO.

WASAPI may use exclusive access to an audio interface to render sound stream directly to the DAC's audio buffer without mixing of audio streams from several applications. So, no operating system's audio processing is there.

Native DSD

Native DSD is sending DSD audio stream from audio file to DSD DAC without conversion to PCM.

ASIO drivers under Windows may support it. Under the latest MacOS version, DSD audio stream should be packed in DoP format. The packing is lossless. Also, DoP format may be used on Windows.

Read more:

  • How to configure foobar2000 for DSD playback >

DSD to PCM

DSD audio stream may not be played on PCM DAC. Before sending the stream to the DAC, this stream should be converted to PCM.

Player

It consumes processing resources. In the general case, better sound quality depends on amount of computing resources.

Some computers may have a lack of computing power to realtime DSD to PCM conversion. It may be solved via offline DSD to PCM conversion. Also, it saves free space at hard disk (HDD) of an audio player (allow more songs on the disk). It may be very useful for portable/mobile devices.

Read more:

Functionality

One of the widespread demands to players are:

  • album artwork displaying;
  • text metadata displaying;
  • search in song database;
  • web radio/streaming playback.

Audio player software F.A.Q.

Can Windows Media Player play high-resolution audio?

Yes. Windows Media player is capable to play high resolution audio files. If your file iss not played back, you can try other players...

Do audio players have different sound quality?

It depends on the mode of playback. In bit-perfect mode, a music player app just transports audio data from a sound file to DAC without audio processing.

When audio player software process audio data (resample, alter bit depth, apply dithering, EQ, etc.), it causes different distortion levels. If consider psychoacoustics, distortions may have a different character, which also impacts the final perception of the distortions. Also, the interaction of the distortions with a playback system (DAC, amplifier, speakers) is matter.

EXAMPLE

Some apparatus can cause the audible level of intermodulation distortions, that generated by ultrasound components.

Practically it can cause audible noise.

You can:

  • try low sample rate 44.1 kHz, or
  • apply ultrasound cut in hi-res audio file.

Watch and share: How to remove noise into hi res audio file

General recommendation:

  • Do a sound check of different players in various modes and audio resolutions on your music equipment. Read details...

Does hi-res audio sound better? Is hi-res audio better than CD?

Hi res audio allowing solve some issues of analog filters of ADC or DAC. But actual result is matter of implementation of an audio equipment and software. Read definitive guide...

Read more:

Best Mp3 Player For Mac

What is the best music player for Windows 10?

As rule, it's personal choise.

  • Read common rules how to choose the best audio player...
  • Try and choose own player...

Best Audio Player Mac

Where can I buy high resolution music?

See list of sites with high-resolution audio...


Does memory playback improve audio quality?

Memory playback doesn't improve 'transparency'. But the mode can get rid of pauses if file played from slow/overload network or album player in gapless mode.

Clementine Music Player For Mac

Do gapless playback is helpful?

If an audio player re-initialize DAC, it can cause quiet clicks.

When files played back without re-initializing, there is no kind of clicks.

Do computer digital hardware interface (HDMI, USB, SPDIF, etc.), its cables impact sound quality?

Digital audio interfaces don't impact sound quality, which may be defined as 'sound transparency'.

Also, digital interfaces have sample rate and bit depth limitations.

Operating system built-in driver can additionally process sound and impact to sound quality.

But pauses, clicks, serial interruptions are possible when an audio interface doesn't work properly (poor cables, grounding, shielding; hardware issues, etc.).

General recommendations:

  • Buy thick cables in the mid or higher price range. It is fairly for longer cables especially.
  • Ferrite rings/barrels can give some advantages. But it's recommended, that measurement tools are used.

Read more:

Do analog audio cables impact to sound quality?

Analog inter-module cables (linear inputs and outputs) can impact the noise floor, crosstalk and frequency response.

General recommendation:

  • If you hear the hum at 50 Hz or multiple frequencies (power high voltage network), try to use other analog cables or use digital inter-module connection instead.

Is jitter a real issue for audio playback?

DAC clock source can impact to analog output jitter of a digital-to-analog converter . But all other factors, including memory playback, cables and interfaces - no. Read details...

General recommendations:

  • Don't bother about jitter, when DAC is clocked by its internal source.
  • Don't use synchronization by SPDIF digital audio input.

What is the best audio format for sound quality?

To achieve maximal sound quality, lossless audio file formats are recommended: FLAC, WAV, AIFF, DSF, DFF, SACD ISO. Read details...

What is 24 bit / 192 kHz audio?

It is resolution audio with sample rate 192 kHz and bit depth 24 bit in PCM format (modulation). Read details...

Is WAV better than FLAC?

In audio resolution 384 kHz/32 bit and lesser, there is no difference between FLAC and WAV by the sound quality. Watch video...

If you need a higher resolution, WAV can provide it. When file size is more 4 GB, WAV RF64 format may be applied.

Read details about:

  • WAV;
  • FLAC.

Player Music For Mac Catalina

Is DSD better than FLAC?

Both DSD and FLAC are high-resolution formats, that try solve issues of 44.1 kHz / 16 bit. But, actual result depend on implemengtation of your audio system. Read details...

Is MQA better than FLAC?

MQA is high qualitative lossy format, as the author know. FLAC is lossless format, providing output sound quality absolutely identical source. MQA provides better file-size comression ratio. Read details...

Can VLC play hi-res audio?

Yes, VLC can play hi-res audio. However, as the author know, VLC don't support DSD formats.


Read articles

Music Player For Mac Os

October 10, 2020 updated | since December 7, 2018